CardioVascular Surgery

What is Cardiovascular Surgery?

Cardiovascular diseases are those diseases that are related to your heart (or cardiac system).

Cardiovascular surgery is a type of medical surgical process that involves the treatment of problems as well as diseases that are related to the cardiovascular system. It consists of different organs such as;

Blood
Heart
Blood vessels

The primary objective and role of the cardiovascular system is to transport nutrients and oxygen rich blood to different body organs of an individual. And to carry back deoxygenated blood back to the lungs. Any type of harm, injury or problem can be very fatal. The most common conditions that can affect the health of the cardiovascular system are;

Stroke
Heart attack
High blood pressure
Coronary artery disease

Cardiovascular surgery mainly deals with the procedure that is performed on major arteries in order to maintain the proper blood supply to all the other organs of the body. As we know, blood carries oxygen in it, lack of oxygen rich blood in any organ results in the failure of that organ or in simple words the cells of that body organ because of the insufficient oxygen rich blood supply start to die. Sensitive organs such as the brain as well as heart are very prone and sensitive. Even a slight reduction in their blood supply can cause life threatening problems.

Why is the need for cardiovascular surgery?

The need for cardiovascular surgery is when a person is suffering or diagnosed with any of the problems that are related to the cardiovascular system. These problems can be very fatal for anyone. Because the cardiovascular system is responsible for the transportation of oxygenated blood to different parts of the body. If any of those parts do not receive an adequate amount of oxygenated blood, the cells of that part start to die. This further leads to life-threatening conditions, moreover a person might even die if treatment is not provided at the right time. The problem that cardiovascular surgery is because the medical experts might recommend in order to avoid certain problems, and these are as follows.

Reduce possibility of heart attacks
Prevention of blood clots
Correct the irregular heart beating
Opening of the blocked as well as narrow arteries
Repair congenital heart problems
Fix damaged or disease heart valves

How does cardiovascular surgery work?

Cardiovascular surgery is performed on the major arteries of the body in order to maintain the blood flow. Because of insufficient blood supply, the body organ can go into the stage of the Transient Ischemic attack; it is a state in which the organ or the body part fealt transient weakness and it lasts for less than 24 hours. Another is Angina, Angina is a type of chest pain and it is due to lack of oxygen and blood to the heart.

The blood supply is drastically affected because of two major reasons;

Deposition of fat (Plaque)
Atherosclerosis is a stage in which the heart starts to pump the blood harder in order to overcome the resistance of the blood vessels.

Medical experts with the help of the required surgical process treat the problem accordingly as per the diagnosis of the individual.

The following procedures are used in the treatment of common ailments of this region

Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA)

Angioplasty and stenting

Open aortic Surgery

Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA)

Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical procedure in which the plaque (a deposit of cholesterol, calcium, fibrous tissue, and other substances) is removed from the inner walls of the carotid arteries. The carotid artery is the main artery of the neck that supplies blood to the brain. This process is essential to prevent fatal strokes caused by bursts or ruptured plaque. Carotid artery stenting is a minimally invasive procedure that removes the blockages from one or both of your carotid arteries in the neck using a small tube (called a stent) that holds open the damaged section of your artery. This angioplasty procedure may be recommended for you if you have high blood pressure in addition to atherosclerosis. As with open surgery, it is a good idea to meet with an experienced interventional cardiologist who specializes in treating carotid artery problems before undergoing any kind of treatment.

Angioplasty and stenting

Angioplasty are performed in case of blockage at the coronary arteries, blocked arteries, or veins (peripheral arteries). This procedure is also known as balloon angioplasty and involves the invasive insertion of a catheter into a coronary artery. It is used to treat conditions like heart attack and stable angina pectoris by dilating the blockage that causes it. Balloon dilation, also known as balloon angioplasty, is an advanced treatment for a wide variety of diseases and ailments. A balloon catheter is fed into the affected area through an artery, whereupon it will inflate at an appropriate size to facilitate improved blood flow. Afterwards, the balloon is deflated and removed from the body.

Open aortic Surgery

Open aortic surgery is used to treat most aortic disorders by repairing or replacing them.
This type of procedure typically involves opening your breastbone and repairing or replacing the aorta.
You may also need to bypass your heart with graft if your main artery gets blocked. The surgeon will typically make an incision on the chest wall, abdomen or the side of your chest depending upon where the problem is in your body.
The blood circulation is blocked for that duration to avoid any internal bleeding from the spinal cord. For example, when treating ascending aorta only, bypass machines are required while the other two cases involve only temporary clamping.
Surgeries involving blood vessels leading to the brain are quite severe and so seizure of circulation is required for that duration as well.
Once the diseased parts of the aorta are cut away, the surgeon carefully sutures a synthetic graft of Dacron (tissue lined with endothelium), or artificial arteries made from animal tissue to the remaining healthy part of your aorta. The end-to-end anastomosis is then performed to rejoin the severed ends. Finally, thanks to precision nicking and resection techniques (which involves removing damaged blood vessels), no scarring occurs on your new graft and blood flow continues normally in your body.

Post-Surgery recovery measures

Cardiovascular surgeries are sensitive and complicated. Patients who undergo vascular surgery play an important role in their own recovery. During the surgery and even after, patients are prescribed blood thinners in different dosages and combinations. It is extremely important to keep a close watch on the intake of these medicines since they can cause severe internal bleeding if swallowed excessively or even lead to blockage of vessels if taken in insufficient quantities. There is always a risk of serious blood clotting that may get fatal sometimes.

What is the cardiovascular surgery cost in India?

The cost of cardiovascular surgery in India is affected by different factors. These factors can be the level of hospital in which you are going for the surgery. The level of a medical expert or surgeon. And the city in which you are residing for the surgery. There is no precise cost for the surgery, it is flexible but on an average the treatment cost starts from $3,500 that is around ₹ 2,45,000. It is not definite, it is variable.

Best Vascular Surgery Hospitals in India

Given below are the name of the best cardiovascular surgery hospitals in India:

MIOT Hospital Chennai
Apollo Hospital Chennai
Global Hospital Chennai
Fortis Hospital Delhi
Metro Hospital Delhi
Kalra Hospital Delhi
Apollo Hospital Delhi
Fortis Escorts Hospital Delhi
Max Super Specialty Hospital Delhi

FAQs

What is cardiovascular disease?

Cardiovascular diseases are those diseases that are related to your heart (or cardiac system).

What are the treatments for cardiovascular disease?

There are three approaches to treat these problems. And they can be categorized as:

Changing lifestyles
Having medical surgery
Inclusion of the medications

What are the types of cardiovascular diseases?

Heart attack
Heart failure
Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy)
Peripheral vascular disease
Rheumatic heart disease
Stroke
Heart valve disease
Pericardial disease
Abnormal heart rhythms, or arrhythmias
Aorta disease and Marfan syndrome
Congenital heart disease
Coronary artery disease (narrowing of the arteries)
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
Vascular disease (blood vessel disease)

Mentioned above are all cardiac diseases.

What is cardiovascular surgery?

Cardiovascular surgery is a type of surgery that is performed on the major arteries of the body in order to maintain the blood flow of that individual. If a person is suffering or diagnosed with any of the problems that are related to the cardiovascular system then he or she needs to opt for this method of treatment.

What is the cost of cardiovascular surgery in India?

There is no precise cost for the surgery, it is flexible but on an average the treatment cost starts from $3,500 that is around ₹ 2,45,000. It is not definite, it is variable.

What are the recovery measures after cardiovascular surgery?

Cardiovascular surgeries are sensitive and complicated. Patients who undergo vascular surgery play an important role in their own recovery. They need to take certain drugs that are used to thin blood as well as they need to take safety measures and precautions to avoid injuries.

Causes for Cardiovascular Disease

Long hours of standing or sitting
Heredity
Female hormones, especially those of pregnancy
Muscular compartment forces travelling through connecting veins, create higher pressure in the superficial veins leading to the enlargement of the vessels.

Symptoms of Varicose veins

Swelling in the ankles
Heavy legs, worsened at night
Appearance of spider veins (telangiectasia)
Discoloration near the affected veins (brownish-blue)
Even small tale a long time to heal
Redness, dryness, and itchiness of areas of skin

Cardiovascular Surgery

One of the prime treatments of varicose veins is surgery. Another kind of supportive treatments can be medicines and graduated compression stockings and even elevating the legs can offer temporary relief. There are Sapheno-femoral junction ligation and vein stripping operation involves the removal of all or a part of the saphenous vein main trunk after skin incisions are given over the groin and leg.

Laser Cardiovascular Surgery

(A)Endovenous Laser Ablation

The main aim of this less invasive alternative is to provide proper thermal energy to the wall of the damaged vein for the produce of fibrosis and lastly disappearance of the vein. The process takes around 45 minutes on each leg. The process leaves less scars and minimizes pain too.

(B) Sclerotherapy

One of the most frequently followed non-surgical treatment for varicose veins where the medicine is injected into the veins to shrink them down. The procedure safe as well as effective.

Carotid Endarterectomy

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical process where fatty deposits that block one of the two carotid arteries, is removed. This process plaque from the artery of the patient, improving the blood flow. It is mainly performed in old age people.

Carotid Artery Disease

After an examination is done and the level of plaque is determined, duplex ultrasound is performed that makes use of painless sound waves for showing the blood vessels and measuring the speed of the blood flow. Following are the other tests: